A country Canada that is occupying the most of the northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and the northward into the Arctic Ocean. The world's second largest country by the area and the shares land borders with the United States to the south and the northwest.



Name of the that Canada comes from a St. Lawrence Iroquoian word kanata, meaning village or settlement. Cartier used the word Canada to refer not only to that the particular village, but the entire area subject to Donnacona by 1545, European books and the maps had begun referring to this region as Canada.

Part of the new France that lay along the Saint Lawrence River and the northern shores of the Great Lakes was named Canada, an area that was later split into the two British colonies, Upper Canada and the Lower Canada.
In 1867 the name Canada was appropriated as the legal name for the new country and Dominion was conferred as the country's title combined, the term Dominion of Canada was in common usage until the 1950s.
Canada important battlefield in the Seven Years war, during which Great Britain gained control of Quebec City after the war of the Plains of Abraham in the 1759 and Montreal in 1760.

The first European to see Canada was Bjarni Herjolfsson, a Norse merchant who was blown off course en route from the Iceland to Greenland in the summer of 986. He found himself a heavily forested coast to his west and knowing that Greenland had no forests, followed the coast north to the latitude of the Greenland settlement and then turned east and sailed to the Greenland.
First contact with the Europeans was disastrous for the first peoples. Explorers and the traders brought European diseases, such as the smallpox, which killed off entire villages. Relations varied between the settlers and Natives. French befriended several Algonquin nations, the Huron people and the nations of Wabanaki Confederacy, and entered into a mutually beneficial trading relationship with them.

After Champlain's founding of Quebec City in the 1608, it became the capital of the New France. Coastal communities based upon the cod fishery and the economy along the St. Lawrence River was based on farming. French voyageurs travelled deep into the hinterlands, trading guns, gunpowder, cloth, knives and kettles for beaver furs. The fur trade only encouraged a small population, as minimal labour was required. Encouraging settlement was difficult and while some other immigration did occur, by 1759 France only had a population of 65,000. Britain and France repeatedly went to war in the 17th and 18th centuries and made their colonial empires into the battlefields. Naval battles were fought in the West Indies, the main land battles were fought in and around Canada.

End of the Seven Years War and the signing of the Treaty of Paris on the February 10, 1763, France ceded almost all of its territory in North America. British rulers left alone much of the religious political and social culture of the French speaking habitants. The next century, leading Canada into the War of 1812 and a pair of Rebellions in 1837.
War the of 1812 was fought between United States and the United Kingdom with the British North American colonies being used as pawns. Causes of the war are still being debated by historians, one the most common assumptions is that the tensions in the maritime region between the United States and Britain reached a boiling point. The tensions between the two powers in the Maritimes, another speculation is that the United States went to war with plans of invading Canada and annexing them to the United States.

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